Assignment 16: Read Hayakawa Chapter 10 - Classification

 

1.   Chapter 10 argues that classification is arbitrary and is created to suit the convenience of those doing the classifying.  According to Hayakawa, is suits the classification of some Americans to believe that, being of Japanese extraction,  he had "an oriental mind" even though he was born and raised in Canada and lived most of his adult life in California. 

 

Ever since the modern era, people have been classified into groups according to language, ethnicity, religion, and some physical characteristics (the ones that we decided contribute to "race").  Using your imagination as much as possible, come up with three other characteristics that we might have used to group people into groups (other than things we typically use: i.e., gender, race, ethnicity).

 

 

Assignment 17: Read Hayakawa Chapters 11 and 12 – The Two Valued & Multi Valued Orientation.

 

1. (A) Define "two valued" orientation and (B) define "multi-valued orientation.

 

2.  Isn't  the two-valued orientation sometimes sensible?  Think of an example which you think calls for a two-valued orientation. (When it makes sense to think of it as two valued.)

 

3.  Now think of an example which is usually thought of as a two valued orientation, which is better thought of as multi-valued. 

 

 

Assignment 18: Engel sections 2-6. (2 done for you as an example).

 

Begin a section of your notes on the fallacies described in each section of Engel's book. Please use the format below or you can download this word document attached. Keep this file on your computer or some safe and convenient place so that you can add to it as we go along and print it out for reference later and to use on the final exam. 

 

FORMAT

 

Section#

Name

Also know as (you may add to this later)

Definition

Examples from Engle

Your own examples (create them or ones you've heard) Tip: you can use a search engine to find more on each one and examples. If you do, don't forget to credit the site you used (you don't necessarily have to use APA style.

 

EXAMPLE

 

Section 2

Amphiboly

Double meaning. Equivocation (usually deliberate).

Ambiguous double meaning caused by thoughtless or funny construction, misplaced pronouns; not being careful about sentence structure; ignoring double meanings. Often funny.

"Honest deals every day except Sunday"

"Dock workers set to walk out of Atlantic ports."

"Those who missed the show will have another chance of doing so."

"Western:  the edge of excellence" (Cutting edge or just short of excellent?)

"If you're killed doing that, don't come crying to me."

"Jack died without medical assistance."

"When reading is assigned for class, students should do it." (Now?)

"One night I shot an elephant in my pajamas" (Groucho Marx, followed by, "how he got in my pajamas I'll never know!").

 

A BLANK FORM (COPY AND PASTE FOR THE REST OF THE SECTIONS)

 

Section