Notophthalmus viridescens (inset photo courtesy of and copyright by Will Brown)

REFERENCES

SORTED BY AUTHORS | SORTED BY TOPICS

Select a Topic species status, conservation issues useful internet links museums with specimens common names, classification, taxonomic history geographic distribution, map physical description, sexual dimorphism, images life stages, growth, reproduction, population biology habitat, feeding, enemies & defense, community ecology cited and related references
A tremendous volume of literatures addressing various aspects of Notophthalmus viridescens has accumulated over the years. This is a list of cited and other related (though by no means exhaustive) references for the species, organized by last names of authors and by topics.
SORTED BY AUTHORS
  • Able, D.J. 1999. Scramble competition selects for greater tailfin size in male red-spotted newts (Amphibia: Salamandridae). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 46: 423-428.
  • Baird, S.F. 1850. Revision of the North American tailed-Batrachia, with descriptions of new genera and species. Journal of Academy of Natural Science of Philadelphia, 2nd series, 1:281-294.
  • Bishop, S.C.. 1941. The salamanders of New York. Bulletin of New York State Museum 268:1-60.
  • Bishop, S.C. 1943. Handbook of Salamanders. Comstock Publishing Company, Ithaca.
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1882. Catalogue of the Batrachia Salientia s. Caudata in the Collection of the British Museum, 2nd ed. Taylor and Francis, London.
  • Brassart, J., J.L. Kirschvink, J.B. Phillips and S.C. Borland. 1999. Ferromagnetic material in the eastern red-spotted newt Notophthalmus viridescens. Journal of Experimental Biology 202: 3155-3160.
  • Bristow, C.E. 1991. Interactions between phylogenetically distant predators: Notophthalmus viridescens and Enneacanthus obesus. Copeia 1991: 1-8.
  • Brodie, E.D. 1968. Investigations on the skin toxin of the red-spotted newt, Notophthalmus viridescens viridescens. American Midland Naturalist 80: 276-280.
  • Brodie, E.D. 1977. Salamander antipredator postures. Copeia 1977:523-535.
  • Brodie, E.D. and R.R. Howard. 1972. Behavioral mimicry in the defensive displays of the urodele amhibians Notophthalmus viridescens and Pseudotriton ruber. BioScience 22:666-667.
  • Brodie, E.D. and J.A. Johnson. 1974. Toxicity of the urodele amphibians Taricha, Notophthalmus, Cynops, and Paramesotriton (Salamandridae). Copeia 1974: 506-511.
  • Brophy, T.E. 1980. Food habits of sympatric larval Ambystoma tigrinum and Notophthalmus viridescens. Journal of Herpetology 14: 1-6.
  • Burton, T.M. 1977. Population estimates, feeding habits and nutrient and energy relationships of Notophthalmus v. viridescens, in Mirror Lake, New Hampshire. Copeia 1977: 139-143.
  • Caetano, M.H. and R. LeClair. 1996. Growth and population structure of red-spotted newts (Notophthalmus viridescens) in permanent lakes of the Laurentian shield, Quebec. Copeia 1996: 866-874.
  • Conant, R. and J.T. Collins. 1991. A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians: Eastern and Central North America. 3rd ed. Houghton Mifflin, Boston.
  • Cortwright, S.A. 1998. Ten- to eleven-year population trends of two pond-breeding amphibian species, Red-spotted newts and Green Frogs. Pages 61-71 in Status and Conservation of Midwestern Amphibians (M.J. Lannoo, ed.), University of Iowa Press, Iowa City.
  • Diana, S.G. and V.R. Beasley. 1998. Amphibian toxicology. Pages 266-277 in Status and Conservation of Midwestern Amphibians (M.J. Lannoo, ed.), University of Iowa Press, Iowa City.
  • Ducey, P.K. and J. Dulkiewicz. 1994. Ontogenetic variation in antipredator behaviour of the newt Notophthalmus viridescens: comparisons of terrestrial adults and efts in field and laboratory tests. Journal of Herpetology 28: 530-533.
  • Duellman, W.E. and L. Trueb. 1994. Biology of Amphibians. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
  • Fauth, J.E. and W.J. Resetarits. 1991. Interactions between the salamander Siren intermedia and the keystone predator Notophthalmus viridescens. Ecology 72: 827-838.
  • Forester , D.C. and D.V. Lykens. 1991. Age structure in a population of red-spotted newts from the Allegheny Plateau of Maryland. Journal of Herpetology 25: 373-376.
  • Frisbie, M.P. and R.L. Wyman. 1992. The effect of environmental pH on sodium-balance in the red-spotted newt, Notophthalmus viridescens. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 23: 64-68.
  • Gabor, C.R. 1996. Differential kin discrimination by red-spotted newts (Notophthalmus viridescens) and smooth newts (Triturus vulgaris). Ethology 102: 649-659.
  • Gibbs, J.P. 1998. Amphibian movements in response to forest edges, roads, and streambeds in southern New England. Journal of Wildlife Management 62: 584-589.
  • Gibbs, J.P. 1998. Distribution of woodland amphibians along a forest fragmentation gradient. Landscape Ecology 13: 263-268.
  • Gill, D.E. 1978a. Effective population size and interdemic migration rates in a meta-population of the red-spotted newt, Notophthalmus viridescens (Rafinesque). Evolution 32: 839-849.
  • Gill, D.E. 1978b. The metapopulation ecology of the red-spotted newt, Notophthalmus viridescens (Rafinesque). Ecological Monographs 48: 145-166.
  • Gill, D.E. 1979. Density dependence and homing behavior in adult red-spotted newts Notophthalmus viridescens (Rafinesque). Ecology 60: 800-813.
  • Gill, T. 1907. Diemictylus or Notophthalmus as names of a salamander. Science 26:256.
  • Grall, George. 1999. The pools of spring. National Geographic 195(4):122-135.
  • Gray, J.E. 1858. Proposal to separate the family Salamandridae, Gray, into two families, according to the form of the skull. Proceeding of the Zoological Society of London 26:136-144.
  • Hager, H.A. 1998. Area-sensitivity of reptiles and amphibians: are there indicator species for habitat fragmentation? Ecoscience 5: 139-147.
  • Halliday, T.R. and K. Adler, eds. 1986. The Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians. Facts on File, New York.
  • Hallowell, E. 1856. Description of several species of the caducibranchiate division of these animals and their classification. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Science of Philadelphia 8:6-11.
  • Hamilton, W.J. 1940. The feeding habits of larval newts with reference to availability and predilection of food items. Ecology 21: 351-356.
  • Harding, J.H. 1997. Amphibians and Reptiles of the Great Lakes Region. The University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor.
  • Hardy, M.P. and J.N. Dent. 1988. Behavioral observations on the transfer of sperm from the male to the female red-spotted newt (Notophthalmus viridescens, Salamandridae). Copeia 1988: 789-792.
  • Harris, R.N. 1987a. Density-dependent paedomorphosis in the salamander Notophthalmus viridescens dorsalis. Ecology 68: 705-712.
  • Harris, R.N. 1987b. An experimental study of population regulation in the salamander, Notophthalmus viridescens dorsalis (Urolela: Salamandridae). Oecologia 71: 280-285.
  • Harris, R.N., R.A. Alford and H.M. Wilbur. 1988. Density and phenology of adult and larval Notophthalmus viridescens dorsalis in a natural pond. Herpetologica 44: 234-242.
  • Healy, W.R. 1973. Life history variation and the growth of juvenile Notophthalmus viridescens from Massachusetts. Copeia 1973: 641-647.
  • Healy, W.R. 1974. Population consequences of alternative life histories in Notophthalmus v. viridescens. Copeia 1974: 221-229.
  • Healy, W.R. 1975a. Breeding and postlarval migrations of the red-spotted newt, Notophthalmus viridescens, in Massachusetts. Ecology 56: 673-680.
  • Healy, W.R. 1975b. Terrestrial activity and home range in efts of Notophthalmus viridescens. American Midland Naturalist 93: 131-138.
  • Hershey, J.L. and D.C. Forester. 1980. Sensory oreientation in Notophthalmus v. viridescens (Amphibia: Salamandridae). Canadian Journal of Zoology 58: 266-276.
  • Hurlbert, S.H. 1969. The breeding migrations and interhabitat wandering of the vermilion-spotted newt Notophthalmus viridescens (Rafinesque). Ecological Monographs 39: 465-488.
  • Hurlbert, S.H. 1970. Predator reponses to the vermilion-spotted newt (Notophthalmus viridescens). Journal of Herpetology 4: 47-55.
  • International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. 1962. Opinion 635. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 19: 152-154.
  • Jiang, S.P. and D.L. Claussen. 1992. A bioenergetic budget for overwintering newts (Notophthalmus viridescnes) from southern Ohio: their fat reserves and aerobic metabolic rates in water. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 101A: 743-750.
  • Jiang, S.P. and D.L. Claussen. 1993. The resting and active metabolism of red-spotted newts (Notophthalmus viridescens) on land at simulated winter and summer temperatures. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 104A: 805-811.
  • Kesler, D.H. and W.R. Munns. 1991. Diel feeding by adult red-spotted newts in the presence and absence of sunfish. Journal of Freshwater Ecology 6: 267-273.
  • Kurzava, L.M. and P.J. Morin. 1994. Consequences and causes of geographic variation in the body size of a keystone predator, Notophthalmus viridescens. Oecologia 99: 271-280.
  • Kurzava, L.M. and P.J. Morin. 1998. Tests of functional equivalence: complementary roles of salamanders and fish in community organization. Ecology 79: 477-489.
  • Logier, E.B.S. 1952. The Frogs, Toads and Salamanders of Eastern Canada. Clarke, Irwin, Toronto.
  • MacNamara, M.C. 1977. Food habits of terrestrial adult migrants and immature red efts of the red-spotted newt Notophthalmus viridescens. Herpetologica 33: 127-132.
  • Marvin, G.A. and V.H. Hutchinson. 1995. Avoidance response by adult newts (Cynops pyrrhogaster and Notophthalmus viridescens) to chemical alarm cues. Behaviour 132:95-105.
  • Massey, A. 1988. Sexual interactions in red-spotted newt populations. Animal Behaviour 36: 205-210.
  • Mecham, J.S. 1967. Notopthalmus viridescens. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 53:1-4.
  • Morin, P.J. 1981. Predatory salamanders reverse the outcome of competition among three species of anuran tadpoles. Science 212:1691.
  • Morin, P.J. 1983a. Competitive and predatory interactions in natural and experimental populations of Notophthalmus viridescens dorsalis and Ambystoma tigrinum. Copeia 1983: 628-639.
  • Morin, P.J. 1983b. Predation, competition, and the composition of larval anuran guilds. Ecological Monographs 53: 119-138.
  • Morin, P.J. 1986. Interactions between intraspecific competition and predation in an amphibian predator-prey system. Ecology 67: 713-720.
  • Omland, K.S. 1998. Orientation based on ambient directional information by red-spotted newts (Notophthalmus viridescens). Behaviour 135: 757-775.
  • Phillips, J.B. 1987. Homing orientation in the eastern red-spotted newt (Notophthalmus viridescens). Journal of Experimental Biology 131: 215-229.
  • Phillips, J.B., K. Adler and S.C. Borland. 1995. True navigation by an amphibian. Animal Behavior 50: 855-858.
  • Phillips, J.B. and S.C. Borland. 1992a. Behavioural evidence for the use of a light-dependent magnetoreception mechanism by a vertebrate. Nature 359: 142-144.
  • Phillips, J.B. and S.C. Borland. 1992b. Wavelength specific effects of light on magnetic compass orientation of the eastern red-spotted newt Notophthalmus viridescens. Ethology, Ecology & Evolution 4: 33-42.
  • Phillips, J.B. and S.C. Borland. 1994. Use of a specialized magnetoreception system for homing by the eastern red-spotted newt Notophthalmus viridescens. Journal of Experimental Biology 188: 275-291.
  • Rafinesque, C.S. 1820. Annals of Nature. Thomas Smith, Lexington.
  • Reilly, S.M. 1990. Biochemical systematics and evolution of the eastern North American newts, genus Notophthalmus (Caudata: Salamandridae). Herpetologica 46: 51-59.
  • Robinson, G.D. 1993. Effects of reduced ambient pH on sodium balance in the red-spotted newt, Notophthalmus viridescens. Physiological Zoology 66: 602-618.
  • Sadinski, W.J. and W.A. Dunson. 1992. A multilevel study of effects of low pH on amphibians of temporary ponds. Journal of Herpetology 26: 413-422.
  • Schmidt, K.P. 1953. A Check List of North American Amphibians and Reptiles, 6th ed. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
  • Sever, D.M., L.C. Rania and J.D. Krenz. 1996. Annual cycle of sperm storage in spermathecae of the red-spotted newt, Notophthalmus viridescens (Amphibia: Salamandridae). Journal of Morphology 227: 155-170.
  • Shure, D.J., L.A. Wilson and C. Hochwender. 1989. Predation on aposematic efts of Notophthalmus viridescens. Journal of Herpetology 23: 437-439.
  • Smith, H.M. 1953. The generic name of the newts of eastern North America. Herpetologica 9:95-99.
  • Smith, G.R., J.E. Rettig, G.G. Mittelback, J.L. Valiulis and S.R. Schaack. 1999. The effects of fish on assemblages of amphibians in ponds: a field experiment. Freshwater Biology 41: 829-837.
  • Strauch, A. 1870. Revision der Salamandriden-Gattungen, nebst Beschreibung eineger neuen oder weniger bekannten Arten dieser Familie. Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersburg (ser. 7) 16: 1-110.
  • Strohmeier, K.L., P.H. Crowley and D.M. Johnson. 1989. Effects of red-spotted newts (Notophthalmus viridescens) on the density of invertebrates in a ermanent, fish-free pond: a one-month enclosure experiment. Journal of Freshwater Ecology 5: 53-65.
  • Taylor, D.H. and K. Auburn. 1978. Orientation of amphibians by linearly polarized light. Pages 334-346 in Animal Migration, Navigation and Homing (K. Schmidt-Koenig and W.T. Keeton, eds), Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
  • Tyning, T.F. 1990. Stokes Nature Guides: A Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles. Little, Brown, Boston.
  • Verrell, P.A. 1982a. The sexual behaviour of the red-spotted newt, Notophthalmus viridescens (Amphibia: Urodela: Salamandridae). Animal Behaviour 30: 1224-1236.
  • Verrell, P.A. 1982b. Male newts prefer large females as mates. Animal Behaviour 30: 1254-1255.
  • Verrell, P.A. 1983. The influence of the ambient sex ratio and intermale competition on the sexual behaviour of the red-spotted newt, Notophthalmus viridescens (Amphibia: Urodela: Salamandridae). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 13: 307-313.
  • Verrell, P.A. 1985. Male mate choice for large, fecund females in the red-spotted newt, Notophthalmus viridescens: how is size assessed? Herpetologica 41: 382-386.
  • Wilbur, H.M. 1997. Experimental ecology of food webs: complex systems in temporary ponds. Ecology 78: 2279-2302.
  • Wise, S.E., K.S. Siex, K.M. Brown and R.G. Jaeger. 1993. Recognition influences social interactions in red-spotted newts. Journal of Herpetology 27: 149-154.
  • Woody, D.R. and A. Mathis. 1997. Avoidance of areas labeled with chemical stimuli from damaged conspecifics by adult newts, Notophthalmus viridescens, in a natural habitat. Journal of Herpetology 31: 316-318.
  • Woody, D.R. and A. Mathis. 1998. Acquired recognition of chemical stimuli from an unfamiliar predator: associative learning by adult newts, Notophthalmus viridescens. Copeia 1998: 1027-1031.
  • Wyman, R.L. 1988. Soil acidity and moisture and the distribution of amphibians in five forests of south-central New York. Copeia 1988: 394-399.
  • Wyman, R.L. and J. Lancola. 1992. Degree and scale of terrestrial acidification and amphibian community structure. Journal of Herpetology 26: 392-401.

RETURN TO TOP

SORTED BY TOPICS
  • GENERAL DESCRIPTION
    • Bishop, S.C. 1943. Handbook of Salamanders. Comstock Publishing Company, Ithaca.
    • Conant, R. and J.T. Collins. 1991. A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians: Eastern and Central North America. 3rd ed. Houghton Mifflin, Boston.
    • Duellman, W.E. and L. Trueb. 1994. Biology of Amphibians. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
    • Halliday, T.R. and K. Adler, eds. 1986. The Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians. Facts on File, New York.
    • Harding, J.H. 1997. Amphibians and Reptiles of the Great Lakes Region. The University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor.
    • Logier, E.B.S. 1952. The Frogs, Toads and Salamanders of Eastern Canada. Clarke, Irwin, Toronto.
    • Tyning, T.F. 1990. Stokes Nature Guides: A Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles. Little, Brown, Boston.
  • TAXONOMY & BIOGEOGRAPHY
    • Gill, T. 1907. Diemictylus or Notophthalmus as names of a salamander. Science 26:256.
    • Mecham, J.S. 1967. Notopthalmus viridescens. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 53:1-4.
    • Rafinesque, C.S. 1820. Annals of Nature. Thomas Smith, Lexington.
    • Reilly, S.M. 1990. Biochemical systematics and evolution of the eastern North American newts, genus Notophthalmus (Caudata: Salamandridae). Herpetologica 46: 51-59.
    • Smith, H.M. 1953. The generic name of the newts of eastern North America. Herpetologica 9:95-99.
  • LIFE HISTORY & POPULATION BIOLOGY
    • Caetano, M.H. and R. LeClair. 1996. Growth and population structure of red-spotted newts (Notophthalmus viridescens) in permanent lakes of the Laurentian shield, Quebec. Copeia 1996: 866-874.
    • Forester , D.C. and D.V. Lykens. 1991. Age structure in a population of red-spotted newts from the Allegheny Plateau of Maryland. Journal of Herpetology 25: 373-376.
    • Gabor, C.R. 1996. Differential kin discrimination by red-spotted newts (Notophthalmus viridescens) and smooth newts (Triturus vulgaris). Ethology 102: 649-659.
    • Gill, D.E. 1978a. Effective population size and interdemic migration rates in a meta-population of the red-spotted newt, Notophthalmus viridescens (Rafinesque). Evolution 32: 839-849.
    • Gill, D.E. 1978b. The metapopulation ecology of the red-spotted newt, Notophthalmus viridescens (Rafinesque). Ecological Monographs 48: 145-166.
    • Gill, D.E. 1979. Density dependence and homing behavior in adult red-spotted newts Notophthalmus viridescens (Rafinesque). Ecology 60: 800-813.
    • Grall, George. 1999. The pools of spring. National Geographic 195(4):122-135.
    • Harris, R.N. 1987a. Density-dependent paedomorphosis in the salamander Notophthalmus viridescens dorsalis. Ecology 68: 705-712.
    • Harris, R.N. 1987b. An experimental study of population regulation in the salamander, Notophthalmus viridescens dorsalis (Urolela: Salamandridae). Oecologia 71: 280-285.
    • Harris, R.N., R.A. Alford and H.M. Wilbur. 1988. Density and phenology of adult and larval Notophthalmus viridescens dorsalis in a natural pond. Herpetologica 44: 234-242.
    • Healy, W.R. 1973. Life history variation and the growth of juvenile Notophthalmus viridescens from Massachusetts. Copeia 1973: 641-647.
    • Healy, W.R. 1974. Population consequences of alternative life histories in Notophthalmus v. viridescens. Copeia 1974: 221-229.
    • Healy, W.R. 1975a. Breeding and postlarval migrations of the red-spotted newt, Notophthalmus viridescens, in Massachusetts. Ecology 56: 673-680.
    • Healy, W.R. 1975b. Terrestrial activity and home range in efts of Notophthalmus viridescens. American Midland Naturalist 93: 131-138.
    • Wise, S.E., K.S. Siex, K.M. Brown and R.G. Jaeger. 1993. Recognition influences social interactions in red-spotted newts. Journal of Herpetology 27: 149-154.
  • REPRODUCTION
    • Able, D.J. 1999. Scramble competition selects for greater tailfin size in male red-spotted newts (Amphibia: Salamandridae). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 46: 423-428.
    • Hardy, M.P. and J.N. Dent. 1988. Behavioral observations on the transfer of sperm from the male to the female red-spotted newt (Notophthalmus viridescens, Salamandridae). Copeia 1988: 789-792.
    • Massey, A. 1988. Sexual interactions in red-spotted newt populations. Animal Behaviour 36: 205-210.
    • Sever, D.M., L.C. Rania and J.D. Krenz. 1996. Annual cycle of sperm storage in spermathecae of the red-spotted newt, Notophthalmus viridescens (Amphibia: Salamandridae). Journal of Morphology 227: 155-170.
    • Verrell, P.A. 1982a. The sexual behaviour of the red-spotted newt, Notophthalmus viridescens (Amphibia: Urodela: Salamandridae). Animal Behaviour 30: 1224-1236.
    • Verrell, P.A. 1982b. Male newts prefer large females as mates. Animal Behaviour 30: 1254-1255.
    • Verrell, P.A. 1983. The influence of the ambient sex ratio and intermale competition on the sexual behaviour of the red-spotted newt, Notophthalmus viridescens (Amphibia: Urodela: Salamandridae). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 13: 307-313.
    • Verrell, P.A. 1985. Male mate choice for large, fecund females in the red-spotted newt, Notophthalmus viridescens: how is size assessed? Herpetologica 41: 382-386.
    • Verrell, P.A. 1986. Wrestling in the red-spotted newt (Notophthalmus viridescens): resource value and contestant asymmetry determine contest duration and outcome. Animal Behavior 34: 398-402.
  • FEEDING, NUTRIENT & ENERGY
    • Brophy, T.E. 1980. Food habits of sympatric larval Ambystoma tigrinum and Notophthalmus viridescens. Journal of Herpetology 14: 1-6.
    • Burton, T.M. 1977. Population estimates, feeding habits and nutrient and energy relationships of Notophthalmus v. viridescens, in Mirror Lake, New Hampshire. Copeia 1977: 139-143.
    • Hamilton, W.J. 1940. The feeding habits of larval newts with reference to availability and predilection of food items. Ecology 21: 351-356.
    • Jiang, S.P. and D.L. Claussen. 1992. A bioenergetic budget for overwintering newts (Notophthalmus viridescnes) from southern Ohio: their fat reserves and aerobic metabolic rates in water. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 101A: 743-750.
    • Jiang, S.P. and D.L. Claussen. 1993. The resting and active metabolism of red-spotted newts (Notophthalmus viridescens) on land at simulated winter and summer temperatures. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 104A: 805-811.
    • Kesler, D.H. and W.R. Munns. 1991. Diel feeding by adult red-spotted newts in the presence and absence of sunfish. Journal of Freshwater Ecology 6: 267-273.
  • ENEMIES & DEFENSE
    • Brodie, E.D. 1968. Investigations on the skin toxin of the red-spotted newt, Notophthalmus viridescens viridescens. American Midland Naturalist 80: 276-280.
    • Brodie, E.D. 1977. Salamander antipredator postures. Copeia 1977:523-535.
    • Brodie, E.D. and R.R. Howard. 1972. Behavioral mimicry in the defensive displays of the urodele amhibians Notophthalmus viridescens and Pseudotriton ruber. BioScience 22:666-667.
    • Brodie, E.D. and J.A. Johnson. 1974. Toxicity of the urodele amphibians Taricha, Notophthalmus, Cynops, and Paramesotriton (Salamandridae). Copeia 1974: 506-511.
    • Ducey, P.K. and J. Dulkiewicz. 1994. Ontogenetic variation in antipredator behaviour of the newt Notophthalmus viridescens: comparisons of terrestrial adults and efts in field and laboratory tests. Journal of Herpetology 28: 530-533.
    • Hurlbert, S.H. 1970. Predator reponses to the vermilion-spotted newt (Notophthalmus viridescens). Journal of Herpetology 4: 47-55.
    • Kesler, D.H. and W.R. Munns. 1991. Diel feeding by adult red-spotted newts in the presence and absence of sunfish. Journal of Freshwater Ecology 6: 267-273.
    • MacNamara, M.C. 1977. Food habits of terrestrial adult migrants and immature red efts of the red-spotted newt Notophthalmus viridescens. Herpetologica 33: 127-132.
    • Marvin, G.A. and V.H. Hutchinson. 1995. Avoidance response by adult newts (Cynops pyrrhogaster and Notophthalmus viridescens) to chemical alarm cues. Behaviour 132:95-105.
    • Shure, D.J., L.A. Wilson and C. Hochwender. 1989. Predation on aposematic efts of Notophthalmus viridescens. Journal of Herpetology 23: 437-439.
    • Smith, G.R., J.E. Rettig, G.G. Mittelback, J.L. Valiulis and S.R. Schaack. 1999. The effects of fish on assemblages of amphibians in ponds: a field experiment. Freshwater Biology 41: 829-837.
    • Woody, D.R. and A. Mathis. 1997. Avoidance of areas labeled with chemical stimuli from damaged conspecifics by adult newts, Notophthalmus viridescens, in a natural habitat. Journal of Herpetology 31: 316-318.
    • Woody, D.R. and A. Mathis. 1998. Acquired recognition of chemical stimuli from an unfamiliar predator: associative learning by adult newts, Notophthalmus viridescens. Copeia 1998: 1027-1031.
  • COMMUNITY ECOLOGY
    • Bristow, C.E. 1991. Interactions between phylogenetically distant predators: Notophthalmus viridescens and Enneacanthus obesus. Copeia 1991: 1-8.
    • Fauth, J.E. and W.J. Resetarits. 1991. Interactions between the salamander Siren intermedia and the keystone predator Notophthalmus viridescens. Ecology 72: 827-838.
    • Kurzava, L.M. and P.J. Morin. 1994. Consequences and causes of geographic variation in the body size of a keystone predator, Notophthalmus viridescens. Oecologia 99: 271-280.
    • Kurzava, L.M. and P.J. Morin. 1998. Tests of functional equivalence: complementary roles of salamanders and fish in community organization. Ecology 79: 477-489.
    • Morin, P.J. 1981. Predatory salamanders reverse the outcome of competition among three species of anuran tadpoles. Science 212:1691.
    • Morin, P.J. 1983a. Competitive and predatory interactions in natural and experimental populations of Notophthalmus viridescens dorsalis and Ambystoma tigrinum. Copeia 1983: 628-639.
    • Morin, P.J. 1983b. Predation, competition, and the composition of larval anuran guilds. Ecological Monographs 53: 119-138.
    • Morin, P.J. 1986. Interactions between intraspecific competition and predation in an amphibian predator-prey system. Ecology 67: 713-720.
    • Strohmeier, K.L., P.H. Crowley and D.M. Johnson. 1989. Effects of red-spotted newts (Notophthalmus viridescens) on the density of invertebrates in a ermanent, fish-free pond: a one-month enclosure experiment. Journal of Freshwater Ecology 5: 53-65.
    • Wilbur, H.M. 1997. Experimental ecology of food webs: complex systems in temporary ponds. Ecology 78: 2279-2302.
  • MIGRATION & HOMING
    • Brassart, J., J.L. Kirschvink, J.B. Phillips and S.C. Borland. 1999. Ferromagnetic material in the eastern red-spotted newt Notophthalmus viridescens. Journal of Experimental Biology 202: 3155-3160.
    • Gill, D.E. 1979. Density dependence and homing behavior in adult red-spotted newts Notophthalmus viridescens (Rafinesque). Ecology 60: 800-813.
    • Hershey, J.L. and D.C. Forester. 1980. Sensory oreientation in Notophthalmus v. viridescens (Amphibia: Salamandridae). Canadian Journal of Zoology 58: 266-276.
    • Omland, K.S. 1998. Orientation based on ambient directional information by red-spotted newts (Notophthalmus viridescens). Behaviour 135: 757-775.
    • Phillips, J.B. 1987. Homing orientation in the eastern red-spotted newt (Notophthalmus viridescens). Journal of Experimental Biology 131: 215-229.
    • Phillips, J.B., K. Adler and S.C. Borland. 1995. True navigation by an amphibian. Animal Behavior 50: 855-858.
    • Phillips, J.B. and S.C. Borland. 1992a. Behavioural evidence for the use of a light-dependent magnetoreception mechanism by a vertebrate. Nature 359: 142-144.
    • Phillips, J.B. and S.C. Borland. 1992b. Wavelength specific effects of light on magnetic compass orientation of the eastern red-spotted newt Notophthalmus viridescens. Ethology, Ecology & Evolution 4: 33-42.
    • Phillips, J.B. and S.C. Borland. 1994. Use of a specialized magnetoreception system for homing by the eastern red-spotted newt Notophthalmus viridescens. Journal of Experimental Biology 188: 275-291.
    • Taylor, D.H. and K. Auburn. 1978. Orientation of amphibians by linearly polarized light. Pages 334-346 in Animal Migration, Navigation and Homing (K. Schmidt-Koenig and W.T. Keeton, eds), Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
  • CONSERVATION
    • Cortwright, S.A. 1998. Ten- to eleven-year population trends of two pond-breeding amphibian species, Red-spotted newts and Green Frogs. Pages 61-71 in Status and Conservation of Midwestern Amphibians (M.J. Lannoo, ed.), University of Iowa Press, Iowa City.
    • Diana, S.G. and V.R. Beasley. 1998. Amphibian toxicology. Pages 266-277 in Status and Conservation of Midwestern Amphibians (M.J. Lannoo, ed.), University of Iowa Press, Iowa City.
    • Frisbie, M.P. and R.L. Wyman. 1992. The effect of environmental pH on sodium-balance in the red-spotted newt, Notophthalmus viridescens. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 23: 64-68.
    • Gibbs, J.P. 1998. Amphibian movements in response to forest edges, roads, and streambeds in southern New England. Journal of Wildlife Management 62: 584-589.
    • Gibbs, J.P. 1998. Distribution of woodland amphibians along a forest fragmentation gradient. Landscape Ecology 13: 263-268.
    • Hager, H.A. 1998. Area-sensitivity of reptiles and amphibians: are there indicator species for habitat fragmentation? Ecoscience 5: 139-147.
    • Robinson, G.D. 1993. Effects of reduced ambient pH on sodium balance in the red-spotted newt, Notophthalmus viridescens. Physiological Zoology 66: 602-618.
    • Sadinski, W.J. and W.A. Dunson. 1992. A multilevel study of effects of low pH on amphibians of temporary ponds. Journal of Herpetology 26: 413-422.

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